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KMID : 1134820210500060648
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Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
2021 Volume.50 No. 6 p.648 ~ p.653
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Changes in Microbial Community by Salt Content in Kimchi during Fermentation
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Hong Geun-Hye
Lee So-Young
Park Eui-Seong
Park Kun-Young
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Abstract
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This study examined for changes in the microbial population during kimchi fermentation by different salt content. Kimchi was prepared with varying salt contents, including 1.5% (1.5kimchi), 2.5% (2.5kimchi), and 3.5% (3.5kimchi), and subsequently subjected to fermentation without starters at 5°C for 4 weeks. The pH and acidity of the kimchi were determined during the fermentation. Decreasing salt concentration, resulted in rapid decrease in the pH and associated increase in acidity. The 2.5kimchi showed the best qualities of kimchi. Changes in the microbial community at the phylum, genus, and species levels of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were determined at the 3rd week of fermentation, by applying the 16s rRNA of NGS (next generation sequencing). High levels of the phylum Firmicutes were obtained in all three kimchi preparations (89.8%, 96.1%, and 75.0% in 1.5, 2.5, and 3.5kimchi, respectively). The highest levels of the heterofermentative LAB Leuconostoc and Weissella were found in 2.5kimchi, and lowest levels were detected in 3.5kimchi. The dominant species obtained in the 2.5kimchi were Leu. gelidum and Wei. koreensis, and higher levels of Lab. sakei were found in the kimchi samples (46.5%∼50.5%). Notably, the 3.5kimchi contained 22% Aer. funiformesms, which is not LAB. These results indicate that 2.5% salt content is the optimal salt concentration for kimchi fermentation.
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KEYWORD
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kimchi, fermentation, salt content, quality, bacterial community
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